What is Fact and What is Fiction?
Like most places, myths abound when it comes to the history of Macoupin County. Many of those legends are easily answered with facts.
Myth Number 1. Macoupin County was Lincoln country.
Fact:
Only in a geographic sense.
Macoupin County actually voted against Lincoln both times that he ran
for President, in 1860 and 1864. The county was not alone. Most of its
neighbors, including Montgomery, Greene, Jersey, Christian, and others, also
cast their lot with Lincoln’s opponents.
Lincoln’s support in downstate Illinois was hardly universal. His base was in northern Illinois, above Galesburg on the west and Kankakee on the east. He easily carried Chicago and its collar counties, such as Kane, Kendall, Lake, DuPage, Winnebago, and others.
Even in his hometown of Springfield, Lincoln found the going rough. He only carried the city by ten votes — 1,324 to 1,314 — over his Democratic opponent, George McClellan, in 1864. On the whole, Lincoln lost Sangamon County in both 1860 and 1864.
Myth Number 2. Lincoln argued cases in the famous Macoupin County courthouse.
Fact: Lincoln was not even alive when the current Macoupin County courthouse was built. He died on April 15, 1865, two years before ground was broken on the courthouse in 1867.
Myth Number 3. One of the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates was held in Carlinville.
Fact: False. This belief has persisted through the years, and some in Carlinville swear that Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas staged one of their celebrated debates in the town on Aug. 31, 1858. However, there were seven debate sites around the state, and Carlinville was not one of them.
The debates were held between August 21 and October 15 in, chronological order, Ottawa, Freeport, Jonesboro, Charleston, Galesburg, Quincy, and Alton.
Lincoln may not have been particularly well-received in Carlinville. One account reported that he spoke to a “scattered and not overly sympathetic audience.” A marker denotes the spot of his appearance, near the intersection of South Broad and First South streets.
Douglas spoke in Carlinville on Sept. 8, 1858, eight days after Lincoln’s appearance, and was also in Gillespie that October 16.
Myth Number 4. John M. Palmer, Carlinville’s most famous citizen, was elected governor from his home here.
Fact: Palmer last lived in Carlinville in 1867 – a year before his election as governor. By then, he had moved to Springfield, where he lived until his death in 1900.
The Palmer home still stands in Carlinville, albeit in two parts. Constructed sometime between 1845-49, the main portion stands at 305 South East Street. Around 1902-03, the east wing of the home was cut off and moved down the street, where it stands at 233 East Second South.
Considered one of the better governors of Illinois history, Palmer, a Civil War major general, also served as U.S. Senator from 1891-97 and was a Presidential candidate on the third-party Gold Democrat ticket in 1896. He is buried in Carlinville City Cemetery.
Myth Number 5. Carlinville is one of the oldest, if not the oldest, towns in the state.
Fact: Not even close. Cahokia was founded in 1699, followed by Kaskaskia in 1703. Those two towns alone are far ahead of Carlinville, which was established in 1829.
And there are plenty of others. Prairie du Rocher was founded in 1723, while some of the many other settlements older than Carlinville in southern Illinois include Belleville, Albion, Shawneetown, and Carmi.
Carlinville does not even have to look far for elder neighbors, including Greenville (1815), Edwardsville (1818), Alton (1818), Vandalia (1819), Springfield (1821), Carrollton (1821), and Jacksonville (1825).
Tom Emery is a freelance writer and historical researcher from Carlinville, Ill. He may be reached at 217-710-8392 or ilcivilwar@yahoo.com.
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